Charles Gascon, an economist at the St. Louis Federal Reserve, stated that while business startups create many jobs, they often do not last. Despite making up a large portion of the jobs created from 2020 to 2021, the net job creation for startups is small and sometimes negative due to the high likelihood that they close down within five years, often due to low pay.

Gascon noted that many people assume most of these startups are tech companies, but in reality, tech startups make up a small segment. A large portion of startups are actually restaurants, small businesses, and professional service firms like law or accounting firms. The composition of startups mirrors the broader industry composition of the United States, with exceptions in industries with high barriers to entry, such as manufacturing or utilities production.

In addition to startups, businesses that have been around for at least 11 years also contributed to the growing economy during the COVID-19 pandemic years. While there was positive net job creation from these businesses, it did not show up the same way because many large firms laid off workers due to the pandemic and then started ramping up.

According to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, startups account for about 2% of the total employment in the U.S. economy. Overall, while startups create a significant number of jobs, the high likelihood of closure within five years and low pay contribute to small